In Taiwan it was common in the old days to chew a palm nut to stay alert and awake.  Coffee was not yet imported and popular, tea was drunk in more relaxed company.  Tobacco, well that is another story.  The Areca palm is one of the cash crops, planted in large plantations or in a vacant lot next to your house along with some bananas.

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The palm is called bing lang in mandarin Chinese, Areca catechu is its scientific name.  It has nice stilt roots.Image

Where you see large neon displays on the street, that is where the bing lang stands are.  There is usually a female store keeper, ‘dressed to impress’, wrapping up the not quite ripe palm nuts in the betel leaf, while dabbing a bit of lime paste in the package.  The betel leaf is heart shaped; its botanical name is Piper betle.  Other species of Piper plants include the pepper (black and white pepper are from the same plant), as well as the Polynesian brew kava kava.

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After you take a few chews a great warmth swarms over your body, as does a feeling of vigor and power.  It is as if a small southeast Asian typhoon was inside.  The leaf and nut are not swallowed, but sucked on and passed from cheek to cheek.  Then you gotta spit.  The spit is red.  There is a lot of spitting, out the window or on the sidewalk.  Check out the dashboard – another 200 kilometers to go…

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Well, that is part of the reason for the decline of betel nut chewing.  The sidewalks were all stained red.  Besides, spitting is not really an acceptable aspect of civilized modern culture.  Street cameras were installed, fines were levied.  The taxi cab drivers still chew, but ppttuiiii into cups.  Other pills, drinks, and remedies have now over taken this particular plant and human relationship.

What is consistent through time is the use of plant based chemicals in different forms to stay alert, whether in war time situations or in day to day working life.  With any such substance, there is always the danger of addiction and abuse.  Beware of dosage, reflect on your mind state.  Maintain a healthy balance.

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Seeds are fantastic little pods of life.  Aside from the tiny plant embryo which becomes the sprout and roots, most life pods carry a bit of food energy to help them get started.  That way, the plant babies have a jump on things before they get their leaves up into the sun and sky.  The carbohydrates that fuel the little sprouts are also fuel for us.  Noodles and rice, oat cereal and corn bread, yum!  Yolks in eggs do the same for the baby chicks.  And a plate of Mexican food after some watery shacks and nasal drip, the best!

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Seeds go into a sort of coma state if it is not too wet, not too warm, or if they are surrounded by some kind of sterile and inert material.  So an icy glacier, a peat bog, or a no oxygen mud hole can be a seed’s home for a long time.  We got some real weedy bean type plant relatives around these parts called Brooms.  Some are French, others are Scottish.  They are said to hang out in the dirt for over eighty years or more, waiting for the right moment to bust open and go for it.  Maybe longer, who knows?  I mean, what’s another year if you’ve been sitting around for fifty already?  Or a hundred?  Oh, one more thing – the brooms have a real hard seed coat which protects their innards.

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Roots never cease to amaze me, especially when I am trying to dig up an old and mostly rotten tree and the roots are still holding on tight and strong.  There are many plants in the tropics with roots high above the ground.  The screw pine is one familiar to Hawaiians and fiber weavers in south east Asia also.

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Our economies, geographies, and stories are bound up in the layers of bark and tubes of woody shrubs and trees.  The Amazonian rubber trees bridge World War II and the plantations in tropical Asia.  Sugar maples flavor the pancakes and the northern woods.  Chiclet chews and blows, while Myrrh infuses the air with the rituals of birth and resurrection.  Take the time to learn the trees in your neighborhood!

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I am teaching a class about basic vegetable and herb gardening in the fall semester.  These are some notes for the students in picture form about insect pests of the garden.

Many insects we call “beneficial” because they prey on pests and keep pest populations under control.  Some “beneficials” lay eggs in the larvae of pestiferous flies and aphids, while others eat them directly with chewing mandibles.

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Sometimes, it is hard to say exactly if an insect is a friend to humans or if it is detrimental.  The relationship varies through time and changes depending on the site.  If we were to go to war to try and annihilate an entire group of insects (such as mosquitos for instance) we would likely get pretty sick ourselves and maybe end up losing.  So, we try to live with these small but powerful creatures as best as we can.

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The cabbage family of plants comprise some of our favorite vegetables.  They include the collard greens, broccoli, and kale.  I can smell the chick peas, sweet potatoes, and fried chicken already!  This family is also the “choys” of Chinese stir fry.  The family is distinguished by its four petaled flowers that resemble a cross, hence we also call them the crucifers (from crucifix).  Due to their general tastiness and long history of domestication, they are also loved by garden pests.

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While weeds make a place look unsightly and not well kept (where is the gardener around here?!), they are also part of a wild web of life on earth that supports a variety of organisms.  Weeds hover at the margins of human civilization, and are in a state of constant adaptation.  These are three common weeds in  San Francisco:

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In general, in the garden, pesticides are used as a last resort.  They are many ways to prevent outbreaks of insect pests from the beginning, or to keep the pests at a level that is tolerable.  Well, what’s a spot or two or a little extra protein?

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There are advantages to the use of pesticides too.  Well, that will be for another day…Blackberry and ivy are calling me!

Water is divine stuff.  Tons of cool substances dissolves in water.  Here’s a picture of water holding ions of sodium and chlorine.  So, it doesn’t matter if the ion is charge positive or charge negative.  Water has got both sides, and turns around back and forth to make strong secure bonds.  The water molecule saying Up down left right back or front 2-3 6-8 12-15?  is referring to tides, direction of the wave, front side or backside, and wave heights in feet.

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In gardening, we are always concerned with whether or not there is enough water in the soil that plants have access to .  Without water, plants cannot grow.  They suffer and wilt, and succumb to disease and insects. Image

The California state rock is a beautiful blue green rock called Serpentine.  A diagonal belt of it runs across San Francisco from the old military base Presidio to the hills of Potrero near Starr King School and some magnificent Mariposa lilies.  Serpentine has a high concentration of Chromium and Cobalt – heavy metals.  It is also poor in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.  It is a difficult substrate for many plants to live in.  However, some thrive in it. Image

Have you ever eaten a bao?  What did it taste like?  Which character looks like a stuffing rolled up into a rice flour bun?  Which one is the bao?

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Brewing tea, being full, hugging.  Running and hail.  Keep your eye on the bao.

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Grandma says, “Don’t just eat the rice, eat more  vegetables.”  The specks of grain that grow out of the square rice paddy, that’s the rice.  Mi is grain, the life giving starch of grasses.  Corn is the jade grain; rice grains grind into a fine flour for noodles.  The little grain is millet.  Mi is in sugarcane and in cakes.

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Herbaceous plants (and fungi) are depicted with the two crosses of tsao.  Grass, mushroom, tea, and flower are written with ‘tsao’ on top.  Chrysanthemum flowers are good for tea; and for making a soup with pig tripe.  The orchid is a ‘tsao’ with a doorway looking to the morning sun in the east.  Out of the muddy waters of the pond rises the lotus flower.  It is the soul beaming in pure light.  Where’s that recipe for lotus seeds and winter melon soup?  Don’t forget the pig bones.  Grandma!?

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By the train station, little old ladies sell Magnolia champaca and Magnolia alba flowers.  The smell brings you close to buddha’s mind.  In Chinese, magnolias are jade orchids.  Jade (yu) is the color of mountain streams and precious stones.  The king comes from jade.  Jade is in the spinning top and the flying kite.  It is said that a jade rabbit lives in the moon, have you seen it?

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The “typical” mushroom is gu.  Hard conk, shelf-like, mushrooms are zhi.  Morels and chanterelles are jun.  The potato tuber of Poria is qing.  Shaggy manes are umbrellas, Tremellas are ears (growing out of a tree), and Hiercium is the head of a furry lion.

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Beans are a useful source of protein, and a good crop to put nitrogen into the ground.  Tofu comes hard or soft; hot in a stir fry or cold in a desert soup; fried, fermented, and disguised as meat.  In rolls of thin skins and in sweet buns.  Stinky, that’s my favorite kind!  You smell it three blocks away…How I miss it!  Beans are do.  The hairy bean is the soybean.  Bean sand is the sweet black paste of the bao with a pink dot.  There is bean flower soup and bean curdle (tofu).  A common Chinese breakfast is warm and salty – plain fried churros dipped in a bowl of soymilk.

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A bitter taste often indicates powerful plant chemicals –  chemicals that may help break down fats, cause paralysis, or open up kaleidoscope visions of the cosmos.  Bitter melons are known for their ability to defeat intestinal worms, prevent cancer, and help people with too much sugar in their pee pee.

The melon is gua.  Bitter melon has the wrinkly skin.  The melon that came from the west is the watermelon.  Winter melon is also known as the furry melon.  Melon seeds, tea and some friends – that is how you chill on the street corner on a humid and hot summer day.

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Who blooms in the dead cold of winter?  Plums!  The fruit tree that is beautiful to behold, and delicious to eat.  Plum fruits are preserved for snacks in a thousand ways to twist your tongue and furrow your brow.  Another fruit that comes from trees is the orange.  Some have a skin that is easy to peel, others are cut into wedges.

All fruit trees have in common the character for wood, or mu.  There are forests, fruits, and roots.  Villages, boards, cups, and chess. Plum.  Loquat – fruit or music instrument?  Either way, a tea made of its leaf is a great remedy for cough.  Just remember to flick off the little hairs on the underside.

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Bamboo is admired for its straightness, and ability to withstand high winds.  Be strong and flexible, not rigid and brittle.  In the bamboo grove, grows the bamboo mushroom.  It is a species of mushroom sometimes referred to as a “stinkhorn”.

Bamboo is dru.  Chopsticks and pens are made of bamboo.  In old days, the dummies and naughties of the classroom got hit with bamboo sticks.  The bamboo mushroom named Dictyophora has a long skirt.

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In the high plateaus of Tibet, herders noticed that their strongest sheep were eating some kind of a worm in the grass.  A closer look revealed a golden caterpillar, parasitized, and taken over by a fungus.  Hence the common name, Winter Bug Summer Grass.  Its name is Cordyceps.

A bug is trong.  The caterpillar is a furry trong.  Ants, butterflies, and fire flies are all trong.  Lumped together in this group are snails and snakes, frogs and shrimp. Can you find the trong in the egg and the rainbow?

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